Menopause: Common Symptoms and Treatments

Menopause, the natural transition marking the end of a woman’s reproductive years, is accompanied by hormonal changes as the ovaries cease egg production. According to the German Menopause Society (Deutsche Menopause Gesellschaft e.V), the average age for menopause is 51–52, though about 1% of women experience it before age 40, and one in a thousand before age 30. Factors like smoking, diabetes, and other chronic illnesses can cause menopause to occur up to two years earlier.

As hormone levels shift during perimenopause and post-menopause, individuals may experience a range of symptoms impacting their physical and emotional well-being. Fortunately, a variety of treatments and strategies are now available to alleviate discomfort and improve quality of life.

Key Menopause Symptoms and Their Treatments

1. Changes in Menstruation

The earliest and most common sign of menopause is a change in menstruation.

• Periods may become shorter or longer, lighter or heavier, or occur irregularly.
• These changes typically signal the onset of perimenopause, which often begins in one’s 40s or 50s.

It’s important to consult a doctor about any changes to your menstrual cycle to ensure they are menopause-related and not caused by other medical conditions.

2. Hot Flushes and Night Sweats

Hot flushes, characterised by sudden waves of heat, sweating, and rapid heartbeats, are the most frequently reported symptom of menopause. When these occur at night, they can lead to disturbed sleep patterns.

Management Tips:

• Limit caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods.
• Avoid smoking.
• Dress in layers made from natural fabrics to easily adjust your temperature.
• Keep your sleeping environment cool with breathable bedding or a fan.

3. Sexual Health

As oestrogen levels decline, many experience vaginal and urinary symptoms:

• Vaginal dryness, itching, and discomfort.
• Increased frequency of urination.
• Pain during intercourse due to thinning vaginal tissues.

Treatment Options:

• Vaginal oestrogen therapy (creams, rings, or tablets) restores moisture and elasticity, improving comfort during intercourse.
• Over-the-counter lubricants and moisturisers can also provide relief.

4. Mental Well-Being

Mood swings, irritability, and even depression are common during menopause due to hormonal fluctuations affecting brain chemistry.

Support Strategies:

• Antidepressants or SSRIs may be prescribed by a doctor for more severe cases.
• Regular exercise, stress management techniques like yoga or mindfulness, and a strong support network can significantly improve emotional health.

5. Sleep Disturbances

Sleep problems, often triggered by hot flushes, anxiety, or hormonal shifts, are another common complaint.

Improving Sleep Quality:

• Maintain a regular sleep schedule and establish a calming bedtime routine.
• Create a comfortable sleeping environment with breathable bedding and optimal room temperature.
• In severe cases, your doctor may recommend medication to address insomnia.

6. Physical Health and Bone Density

Menopause can lead to a loss of bone density, increasing the risk of osteoporosis.

Prevention and Treatment:

• Increase calcium and vitamin D intake through diet or supplements.
• Engage in weight-bearing exercises like walking or strength training.
• Speak with your doctor about medications that can slow bone loss if needed.

7. Brain Fog

Many people report experiencing memory issues, difficulty concentrating, or a sense of “brain fog” during menopause.

What to Do:

• Discuss symptoms with your doctor, who may recommend strategies or treatments to alleviate these effects.
• Engage in mentally stimulating activities to keep your mind active.

Other Symptoms to Be Aware Of

Menopause symptoms vary widely, with over 30 reported. Being informed about the possibilities can help normalise the experience and reduce stigma. If any symptoms impact your quality of life, discuss them with your healthcare provider to explore solutions.

Common Menopause Symptoms:

1. Hot flushes (flushes)
2. Night sweats
3. Period changes
4. Mood swings
5. Sleep disturbances
6. Fatigue
7. Vaginal dryness/itching/burning
8. Low libido (decreased sex drive)
9. Hair changes
10. Memory issues/brain fog
11. Depression
12. Headaches and migraines
13. Anxiety
14. Sexual arousal issues
15. Body aches (muscle/joint pain)
16. Incontinence/leakage
17. Painful intercourse
18. Skin changes
19. Heart palpitations
20. Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

Empowering Your Menopause Journey

Menopause is a natural transition, but its symptoms can significantly impact daily life. By understanding what to expect and exploring the wide range of treatments available, you can take proactive steps to improve your well-being.

Open communication with healthcare providers is key to finding the right solutions for your unique needs. Whether through lifestyle adjustments, medical treatments, or a combination of approaches, managing menopause is about empowering yourself to navigate this phase with confidence and comfort.