Menopausal Hormone Therapy (MHT): What You Need to Know

Menopause is a natural biological transition, but for many women, its symptoms can significantly impact daily life. One of the most discussed treatments for managing menopausal symptoms is menopausal hormone therapy (MHT), also known as hormone replacement therapy (HRT). If you are considering MHT, it is crucial to consult your doctor or gynecologist to understand if this treatment suits your body, medical history, and symptoms.

This article provides general information about MHT to help you make informed decisions, keeping in mind the needs and context of women in India.

What Is MHT?

MHT is a medical treatment that involves administering hormones to replace those that the body produces less of during menopause. The primary hormones used in MHT are oestrogen and progesterone.

• Oestrogen: Essential for regulating the menstrual cycle, maintaining bone density, and supporting overall health. The decline in oestrogen levels during menopause causes common symptoms like hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, sleep disturbances, and vaginal dryness.
• Progesterone: Used alongside oestrogen in women with a uterus to protect against uterine lining overgrowth, which could lead to endometrial cancer. Women who have had a hysterectomy generally do not need progesterone.

How Is MHT Administered?

MHT is available in several forms, and your doctor can recommend the most suitable option based on your symptoms and lifestyle. Common delivery methods include:

• Tablets
• Skin patches
• Creams or gels applied to the skin
• Vaginal oestrogen creams, rings, or tablets

For localized symptoms like vaginal dryness, vaginal oestrogen products are often preferred.

Potential Benefits of MHT

MHT is effective in managing a variety of menopausal symptoms, such as:

• Hot flashes and night sweats
• Mood swings and irritability
• Sleep disturbances
• Vaginal dryness and discomfort during intercourse
• Bone loss prevention, reducing the risk of osteoporosis

Risks and Considerations

While MHT offers significant relief, it is not without risks. Factors like medical history, family history, and the duration of use play a critical role in determining its suitability. Potential risks include:

• Increased risk of breast cancer with prolonged use
• Higher chances of blood clots, especially with oral tablets
• Elevated risk of stroke

MHT may not be suitable for women who:

• Have a history of breast, ovarian, or womb cancer
• Have had blood clots (may need alternatives like patches or gels)
• Have untreated high blood pressure
• Have liver disease
• Are pregnant

In India, where healthcare infrastructure varies widely, women should prioritize regular follow-ups with their doctor to monitor any side effects and adjust treatment if necessary.

Integrating Lifestyle Changes

In addition to considering MHT, lifestyle changes can help manage menopausal symptoms.

• Diet: Focus on calcium-rich foods (milk, curd, paneer) and incorporate leafy greens, nuts, and seeds for bone health.
• Exercise: Regular physical activity, such as yoga or walking, helps maintain bone density and reduce stress.
• Stress Management: Practices like meditation, pranayama, and mindfulness can help with mood swings and irritability.
• Sleep Hygiene: Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule can improve rest quality.

The Importance of Personalized Care

MHT is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Indian women, given varying genetic, lifestyle, and cultural factors, must have a personalized approach. Open communication with a qualified healthcare provider is essential to weigh the benefits and risks.

With proper guidance and regular monitoring, MHT can be an effective tool for managing menopausal symptoms and improving quality of life. By combining medical treatment with healthy lifestyle practices, Indian women can navigate menopause more comfortably and confidently.

For additional resources, consult local gynecologists, menopause specialists, or health clinics near you.